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Case presentation
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A 73-year-old woman with a medical history of type 2 diabetes mellitus, obesity, hyperlipidemia, lichen planus, and atopic dermatitis developed a new cutaneous eruption after initiating semaglutide therapy. She was started on semaglutide 0.25 mg weekly and titrated to 1 mg weekly per the manufacturer-recommended dose escalation schedule. Approximately 2 weeks after increasing to the 1 mg weekly dose, she developed an asymptomatic rash and was evaluated by her primary care provider. Physical examination revealed numerous small, erythematous, annular plaques involving the hips, lower abdomen, medial thighs, and left wrist. The eruption initially developed around the waist near the area of semaglutide injections, raising concern for a possible medication-related reaction.
The patient was treated with a 16-day prednisone taper, which resulted in partial improvement; however, the rash did not completely resolve. Despite the persistent eruption, the patient wished to continue semaglutide therapy, and the dose was further increased to 2 mg weekly. After approximately 2 months on the higher dose, the rash progressed, with new involvement of the arms and legs, prompting referral to dermatology. Dermatologic evaluation revealed annular, erythematous patches and plaques involving the groin, abdomen, arms, and legs. The patient denied associated symptoms, including pain or pruritus, and reported no prior history of a similar eruption.
A punch biopsy obtained from the right medial leg demonstrated a palisading infiltrate of histiocytes and lymphocytes within the dermis surrounding areas of altered collagen fibers and increased mucin deposition. Based on the clinical presentation, temporal relationship with semaglutide initiation and dose escalation, and histopathologic findings, the patient was diagnosed with granuloma annulare associated with semaglutide therapy. The patient elected to continue semaglutide treatment and was started on tirzepatide for management of granuloma annulare.
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